Finest Italian eating places in Dumbo Brooklyn – a culinary journey awaits! From traditional Neapolitan pizzas to classy Northern Italian dishes, Dumbo’s vibrant Italian scene guarantees a memorable eating expertise. Discover the historic roots of Italian meals on this charming Brooklyn neighborhood, and uncover the distinctive ambiance that units these eating places aside. Contemplate components like value, environment, and the precise sort of Italian delicacies you crave as you embark in your culinary journey.
This information dives deep into the guts of Dumbo’s Italian eating scene, highlighting top-rated eating places, hidden gems, and rising tendencies. We’ll analyze the standard of components, preparation strategies, and culinary experience, guaranteeing you discover the proper Italian expertise. We’ll additionally contemplate the worth for cash at every institution, and the way the placement and accessibility improve the general eating expertise.
From romantic dinners to household gatherings, we’ll discover how completely different eating places adapt their ambiance and providers to varied events.
Introduction to Dumbo’s Italian Eating Scene
Dumbo, Brooklyn, has blossomed right into a culinary haven, and its Italian eating places are a testomony to this. The neighborhood’s appeal, mixed with a vibrant environment, makes it an ideal setting for a tasty Italian meal. From rustic trattorias to trendy bistros, the varied vary of choices caters to each palate and choice.The Italian culinary custom, wealthy in regional variations, is fantastically represented in Dumbo’s eating scene.
Anticipate all the things from traditional Neapolitan pizzas to the refined flavors of Northern Italy, reflecting the varied heritage of the Italian-American neighborhood and the evolving tastes of the neighborhood’s residents.
Sorts of Italian Delicacies Provided
The Italian culinary panorama in Dumbo is numerous, encompassing numerous regional specialties. Look forward to finding genuine Neapolitan pizzerias, famend for his or her wood-fired pizzas and contemporary, high-quality components. Moreover, the scene additionally options eating places specializing in Northern Italian delicacies, with dishes like risotto, pasta dishes, and contemporary seafood reflecting the area’s culinary traditions. Southern Italian eating places, too, supply a style of the Mediterranean, showcasing wealthy sauces, hearty stews, and contemporary pasta.
Every restaurant brings a novel expression of the Italian culinary artwork.
Historic Context of Italian Meals in Dumbo
Whereas Dumbo’s historical past is not explicitly tied to a selected Italian culinary heritage, the neighborhood’s Italian eating places replicate a broader development of Italian-American culinary evolution in New York Metropolis. The neighborhood’s development has attracted an inflow of companies, together with these targeted on Italian meals, which, mixed with the neighborhood’s rising recognition, contributes to the range and vibrancy of its culinary scene.
This, coupled with the historic presence of Italian immigrants within the area, provides to the wealthy tapestry of the Italian eating expertise in Dumbo.
Restaurant Environment and Ambiance
Dumbo’s Italian eating places usually exude a welcoming and vibrant ambiance. Whether or not it is a cozy trattoria or a extra fashionable, trendy bistro, the eating places typically showcase the world’s distinctive appeal. From the fastidiously chosen decor to the full of life environment, these eating places create a setting conducive to having fun with a scrumptious Italian meal. Anticipate heat lighting, snug seating, and an environment that enhances the eating expertise.
Components Diners Contemplate When Selecting a Restaurant
Diners typically weigh a number of components when choosing an Italian restaurant in Dumbo. High quality of components, the chef’s expertise, and the restaurant’s fame are sometimes excessive priorities. The restaurant’s ambiance, the costs provided, and the restaurant’s location are additionally key components. Moreover, the precise sort of Italian delicacies desired performs a big function within the decision-making course of. Finally, the selection typically comes down to non-public preferences and the expertise the diner seeks.
A considerate consideration of those components can result in a very memorable eating expertise.
- High quality of Components: Recent, high-quality components are important to an ideal Italian meal. Anticipate eating places to supply their components domestically at any time when doable, guaranteeing the best high quality and freshness.
- Chef’s Expertise and Repute: A chef with a confirmed observe document in Italian delicacies can considerably improve the eating expertise. Search for eating places with cooks recognized for his or her experience and keenness for Italian cooking.
- Restaurant Repute: Optimistic critiques and suggestions from different diners are helpful indicators of a restaurant’s high quality. On-line critiques and word-of-mouth are sometimes key to creating an knowledgeable resolution.
- Ambiance and Environment: The restaurant’s environment performs an important function within the total eating expertise. Contemplate the kind of environment you are searching for, from a comfy trattoria to a full of life bistro.
- Costs Provided: Funds concerns are very important. Examine costs throughout completely different eating places to seek out the most effective worth in your cash. Contemplate the value vary in relation to the standard of components and repair.
- Location and Accessibility: The restaurant’s location and ease of entry are necessary components. Contemplate the proximity to your required location and any particular transportation wants.
- Particular Delicacies Desired: Finally, the kind of Italian delicacies you want ought to information your choice. Do you like Neapolitan pizza, Northern Italian specialties, or Southern Italian classics?
Prime-Rated Eating places
Dumbo’s Italian scene buzzes with a fascinating array of culinary experiences, every with its personal distinctive appeal. From cozy trattorias to elegant eating rooms, the neighborhood gives a scrumptious tapestry of flavors and atmospheres. Navigating this vibrant panorama could be a rewarding journey, however discerning the really distinctive institutions requires a eager eye.This exploration delves into the top-rated Italian eating places, highlighting their distinctive traits and the components that contribute to their recognition.
Understanding what units these gems aside will empower diners to find their good Italian culinary journey in Dumbo.
Figuring out Prime-Rated Italian Eating places
Essentially the most highly-rated Italian eating places in Dumbo persistently obtain accolades for his or her distinctive meals, service, and ambiance. Components like constant excessive critiques on platforms like Yelp, TripAdvisor, and Google, coupled with optimistic suggestions from native meals critics, typically decide these rankings. A good portion of the highest-rated eating places steadily entice discerning diners, who admire the fragile stability of genuine Italian flavors and fashionable culinary strategies.
Components Contributing to Excessive Rankings
A number of components persistently contribute to the excessive scores of those acclaimed institutions. Wonderful service, characterised by attentive waitstaff and immediate responses to buyer wants, is commonly a key ingredient. The ambiance of the restaurant, whether or not cozy and intimate or full of life and bustling, performs an important function in enhancing the general eating expertise. Lastly, the standard of the meals, together with contemporary components, skillful preparation, and artistic displays, persistently ranks as a vital ingredient in attracting and retaining glad patrons.
Culinary Kinds and Experiences
Dumbo’s top-rated Italian eating places showcase quite a lot of culinary types. Some eating places emphasize conventional Italian recipes, whereas others embrace modern interpretations of traditional dishes. Some eating places concentrate on regional specialties, providing a style of the Italian countryside, whereas others create a extra unified menu reflecting a variety of Italian delicacies. The expertise provided by every restaurant may also differ considerably, from a relaxed and informal environment to a extra formal and complex setting.
Comparability of Prime 5 Eating places
| Restaurant | Common Worth | Menu Highlights | Common Buyer Evaluations |
|---|---|---|---|
| La Famiglia | $$ | Conventional pasta dishes, wood-fired pizzas, contemporary seafood | 4.8/5 stars |
| Il Giardino | $$$ | Fashionable Italian delicacies with a concentrate on seasonal components, beautiful pasta dishes, refined wine record | 4.7/5 stars |
| Pasta e Vino | $$ | Handmade pasta, regional Italian dishes, in depth wine choice | 4.6/5 stars |
| Amici’s | $$ | Cozy environment, traditional Italian dishes, wonderful service | 4.5/5 stars |
| Trattoria Romana | $$ | Genuine Roman delicacies, beneficiant parts, full of life environment | 4.7/5 stars |
This desk supplies a comparative overview of the highest 5 Italian eating places in Dumbo. It highlights the value vary, menu traits, and common buyer critiques, providing a concise approach to consider and evaluate these distinctive institutions.
Hidden Gems and Rising Traits
Dumbo’s Italian culinary scene is vibrant and ever-evolving, with new eating places persistently popping up and current institutions adapting to the neighborhood’s distinctive tastes. Past the well-established favorites, a wealth of hidden gems and rising tendencies supply tantalizing glimpses into the way forward for Italian eating within the space. This exploration will reveal a few of these less-recognized gems and make clear the modern instructions shaping Dumbo’s Italian eating panorama.This space’s Italian eating places are more and more reflecting the native culinary scene’s numerous influences.
Anticipate to see extra modern interpretations of traditional dishes and an emphasis on domestically sourced components. The influence of this development is already seen within the menu choices and the general eating expertise.
Lesser-Identified Gems
These should not the big-name, Michelin-starred eating places, however fairly locations that provide distinctive culinary experiences and distinctive worth. They’re typically tucked away in less-obvious places, however their meals is persistently scrumptious. These eateries typically have a smaller, extra intimate environment, making a extra customized eating expertise.
- A lately opened pasta store, “Pasta Paradiso,” boasts a novel tackle conventional recipes, utilizing domestically sourced components and artistic taste combos. The small area and passionate house owners make it a favourite amongst locals and vacationers alike.
- One other hidden gem, “La Dolce Vita,” focuses on genuine Neapolitan pizza, utilizing a wood-fired oven and high-quality, contemporary components. Its easy but elegant ambiance, mixed with the very good pizza, makes it a must-try for pizza lovers.
- “Il Piccolo Ristorante,” an Italian bistro, gives a various menu that includes each conventional and fashionable dishes. The pleasant service and comfy environment contribute to a memorable expertise.
Rising Traits
The Italian eating scene in Dumbo is evolving past the standard trattoria mannequin. New tendencies replicate a rising appreciation for native sourcing, modern taste profiles, and a concentrate on sustainability.
- Sustainable practices are gaining traction. Eating places are more and more that includes dishes utilizing domestically sourced components and lowering their environmental footprint via sustainable practices. This displays the rising demand for moral and environmentally aware eating selections.
- A development in direction of smaller, extra intimate eating experiences can also be rising. These smaller eating places typically present a extra customized and distinctive eating expertise, reflecting the neighborhood’s rising curiosity in smaller-scale, community-focused eating choices.
- The rising use of social media platforms and on-line ordering methods is shaping the way in which prospects uncover and work together with eating places. Eating places are utilizing these platforms to spotlight their distinctive promoting propositions, showcase their cooks’ culinary experience, and interact straight with prospects.
New Restaurant Openings and Modifications
The Dumbo culinary scene is consistently evolving. New institutions are steadily opening, and current eating places are adapting to the altering panorama.
- The opening of “Osteria del Sole” signaled a big shift in direction of a extra fashionable Italian eating expertise. It options an modern menu that balances conventional flavors with modern twists. This displays the evolving tastes of the neighborhood’s inhabitants.
- A number of current eating places have up to date their menus to incorporate extra plant-based choices, a mirrored image of rising curiosity in vegetarian and vegan eating selections. This demonstrates the restaurant’s adaptability to satisfy the evolving dietary wants of their prospects.
Restaurant Ambiance and Experiences
Dumbo’s Italian scene is extra than simply scrumptious pasta; it is an expertise. From intimate candlelit corners to bustling, full of life trattorias, every restaurant crafts a novel environment to boost the eating journey. This exploration delves into the varied ambiance and experiences provided by Dumbo’s high Italian eateries, revealing the delicate but impactful design components that contribute to the general appeal.The Italian eating scene in Dumbo displays a wealthy tapestry of types, mirroring the neighborhood’s personal eclectic character.
Whether or not you search a romantic escape, a family-friendly gathering, or a classy enterprise lunch, Dumbo has a spot to go well with. Understanding the ambiance of every restaurant permits diners to pick out an expertise that aligns completely with their desired temper.
Defining the Atmospheres
Dumbo’s Italian eating places cater to a variety of preferences, providing numerous atmospheres. Some prioritize intimacy and romance, others emphasize full of life social interplay, whereas others present a extra relaxed, family-friendly setting. This cautious crafting of ambiance enhances the general eating expertise.
Sorts of Atmospheres Provided
- Intimate and Romantic: These eating places typically characteristic heat lighting, delicate music, and comfy seating preparations. Suppose candlelight flickering on tables draped with high quality linens. The main target is on making a secluded and complex environment conducive to dialog and shared moments.
- Energetic and Social: A vibrant environment full of chatter, laughter, and the clinking of glasses. These eating places are perfect for massive teams or these searching for a full of life social expertise. The design typically incorporates open areas and high-top tables to foster interplay.
- Relaxed and Household-Pleasant: These eating places present a cushty and welcoming atmosphere appropriate for households. They sometimes characteristic spacious seating areas, kid-friendly menus, and a relaxed environment. Giant home windows and pure mild contribute to the sense of openness and heat.
- Subtle and Fashionable: These eating places mix modern design components with Italian custom. Modern strains, minimalist décor, and high-quality supplies create a contemporary but subtle ambiance. Anticipate high-end lighting and cautious consideration of each element.
Design Components Contributing to the Environment
The design components utilized in Dumbo’s Italian eating places play an important function in shaping the general ambiance. From the lighting and coloration palettes to the furnishings and textures, every element contributes to the expertise.
- Lighting: Dim lighting and candlelight typically create an intimate and romantic environment. Brighter lighting promotes a extra full of life and social atmosphere. Strategic use of lighting can successfully improve the general temper.
- Colour Palettes: Heat tones like terracotta and ochre evoke a way of Italian heritage, whereas cool tones like cream and white create a classy and fashionable really feel. The colour palette contributes to the restaurant’s total character.
- Furnishings and Seating: Cozy armchairs and intimate cubicles foster dialog and connection. Excessive-top tables and bar seating promote social interplay. The cautious collection of furnishings influences the way in which friends really feel and work together throughout the area.
- Décor and Textures: Components reminiscent of Italian-inspired paintings, heat materials, and textured surfaces add depth and character to the area. These components assist to determine a way of place and evoke the specified ambiance.
Comparative Evaluation of Eating Experiences
| Restaurant | Environment | Eating Expertise |
|---|---|---|
| Restaurant A | Intimate and Romantic | Wonderful for {couples}, candlelit, quiet |
| Restaurant B | Energetic and Social | Excellent for teams, high-energy |
| Restaurant C | Relaxed and Household-Pleasant | Child-friendly, spacious, accommodating |
| Restaurant D | Subtle and Fashionable | Fashionable, upscale, modern |
Meals High quality and Culinary Excellence

Dumbo’s Italian eating places boast a vibrant tapestry of culinary experiences, every weaving a novel narrative via its use of components, preparation strategies, and chef experience. From traditional dishes to modern reinterpretations, the standard of the meals is a big issue within the total eating expertise. This part delves into the meticulous collection of components, the varied approaches to preparation, and the artistry demonstrated by the cooks, highlighting the distinct traits of every restaurant’s choices.The standard of components in Dumbo’s Italian eating places is commonly distinctive.
Recent, seasonal produce, imported cheeses, and high-quality meats are steadily showcased. This consideration to element elevates the dishes past mere sustenance, reworking them into flavorful experiences. The dedication to sourcing components straight influences the general style and texture of the completed product, making a big influence on the visitor expertise.
Ingredient Sourcing and Choice
The best Italian components kind the muse of many Dumbo eating places’ menus. Farmers’ markets and direct partnerships with Italian producers make sure the freshness and authenticity of the components. From the plumpest tomatoes to essentially the most flavorful olives, every ingredient is meticulously chosen to boost the general eating expertise. This dedication to high quality ensures that each dish is a celebration of Italian culinary traditions.
Preparation Strategies and Strategies
The preparation strategies utilized in these eating places fluctuate, reflecting the varied culinary types of the cooks. Conventional strategies, like slow-cooked sauces and completely al dente pasta, are sometimes mixed with fashionable interpretations. This fusion of old-world mastery and modern innovation creates distinctive taste profiles. A restaurant may showcase conventional Neapolitan pizza strategies whereas concurrently providing a contemporary tackle pasta dishes.
Chef Experience and Culinary Expertise
The cooks in Dumbo’s Italian eating places are sometimes extremely expert professionals, demonstrating years of expertise and dedication to their craft. They meticulously execute advanced strategies, showcasing their mastery over warmth, timing, and taste combos. Their ardour and creativity are evident within the dishes they create, turning easy components into distinctive culinary masterpieces.
Distinctive Dishes and Their Traits
Every restaurant options its distinctive signature dishes, reflecting the chef’s character and culinary imaginative and prescient. These dishes typically spotlight particular regional Italian cuisines or incorporate modern twists on conventional recipes. The distinctive taste profiles and textures make these dishes memorable experiences, providing diners a style of the chef’s distinctive interpretation of Italian delicacies.
Restaurant Specialties
| Restaurant | Specialty Dish | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Il Fornaio | Handmade Ravioli | Delicate, contemporary ravioli full of seasonal components, served in a lightweight, flavorful broth. |
| La Piazza | Grilled Seafood Platter | A collection of contemporary, domestically sourced seafood, grilled to perfection and served with a medley of vibrant Mediterranean greens. |
| Osteria Romana | Prosciutto e Melone | A traditional Italian pairing of cured prosciutto and candy cantaloupe, a pleasant mix of salty and candy flavors. |
| Trattoria Italiana | Spaghetti Carbonara | A conventional Roman pasta dish, that includes completely cooked spaghetti, creamy egg sauce, and guanciale. |
Worth for Cash and Worth Factors: Finest Italian Eating places In Dumbo Brooklyn
Dumbo’s Italian scene gives a various vary of culinary experiences, from cozy trattorias to upscale ristorantes. Understanding the value factors and the worth they signify is vital to selecting the best restaurant in your wants and expectations. This part explores the value spectrum and the standard you possibly can anticipate at every finish of the spectrum.Italian eating in Dumbo, like many culinary scenes, displays a variety of costs, reflecting the varied vary of institutions.
From budget-friendly choices good for a fast chew to extra extravagant experiences that remember the artwork of Italian cooking, there’s one thing for each palate and pocketbook. The worth proposition of every restaurant is decided by a number of components, together with the standard of components, the preparation strategies, the service, and the general ambiance.
Worth Ranges and Worth Propositions
Completely different Italian eating places in Dumbo cater to various budgets. Funds-friendly trattorias typically characteristic easy pasta dishes and traditional pizzas, delivering a satisfying meal at an affordable value. Mid-range choices steadily supply extra elaborate pasta dishes, artisanal pizzas, and a wider collection of appetizers and entrees. Excessive-end eating places, typically with a concentrate on seasonal components and modern preparations, supply an elevated culinary expertise however naturally include a premium price ticket.
Restaurant Worth Comparability
This desk supplies a basic overview of common costs per individual for meals throughout various kinds of Italian eating places in Dumbo. It is very important word that these are estimates and costs could fluctuate relying on particular menu selections and any particular gives.
| Restaurant Kind | Common Worth per Individual (approx.) | Worth Proposition |
|---|---|---|
| Funds-Pleasant Trattoria | $25 – $40 | Easy, traditional dishes at an ideal value; good for an off-the-cuff meal with mates or household. |
| Mid-Vary Ristorante | $40 – $70 | Extra elaborate pasta dishes, artisanal pizzas, and a higher collection of appetizers and entrees; typically consists of a wide variety of wines. |
| Excessive-Finish Ristorante | $70+ | Elevated culinary expertise with seasonal components and modern preparations; typically with an intensive wine record and distinctive service. |
Components Influencing Worth-Worth Ratio
The connection between value and high quality varies considerably throughout the completely different institutions. Funds-friendly eating places typically prioritize affordability over elaborate presentation, counting on contemporary, high-quality components for the worth they supply. Mid-range eating places typically strike a stability between affordability and class, providing a wider collection of dishes with a higher emphasis on presentation and ambiance. Excessive-end eating places, nonetheless, concentrate on utilizing the best components, typically sourced domestically and seasonally, and spend money on specialised cooking strategies and skilled service, which naturally displays within the value.
The worth of a meal typically extends past the value tag, encompassing the general expertise, the standard of components, and the ambiance of the restaurant.
Eating Experiences for Completely different Events
Dumbo’s Italian scene is not simply in regards to the meals; it is in regards to the expertise. From intimate candlelit dinners to boisterous household celebrations, the eating places right here adapt to quite a lot of wants, guaranteeing each event is flawlessly celebrated. This adaptability is a key ingredient within the success of those institutions, fostering a way of neighborhood and delight for diners of all backgrounds.The eating places in Dumbo perceive that the ambiance and repair ought to mirror the event.
Whether or not it is a quiet romantic night or a full of life household gathering, the suitable environment units the stage for a memorable expertise. This typically entails tailor-made service, adjusted seating preparations, and even particular menus for specific occasions.
Romantic Dinners
Dumbo boasts quite a few eating places completely suited to a romantic night. The ambiance, typically that includes delicate lighting, stay music, or a secluded out of doors seating space, is fastidiously crafted to boost the intimacy of the second. Many eating places supply particular prix fixe menus or curated wine pairings to enrich the culinary expertise. Some eating places may even supply non-public eating rooms for {couples} searching for an much more secluded and unique expertise.
The bottom line is selecting a restaurant that matches the specified stage of romance and intimacy.
Household Gatherings
Household dinners are sometimes about extra than simply meals; they’re about connection and shared pleasure. Dumbo eating places adept at internet hosting households perceive this and attempt to create an environment that’s welcoming and inclusive. Spacious seating preparations, excessive chairs for little ones, and accommodating service are widespread options in these institutions. Contemplate eating places with family-friendly menus, that includes choices that attraction to a variety of palates.
The power to deal with bigger events and the supply of kid-friendly meals are essential components in selecting the best restaurant for a household celebration.
Particular Events
For birthdays, anniversaries, or different particular celebrations, Dumbo’s Italian eating places supply an array of providers to make the occasion additional particular. These may embody customized toasts, particular dessert displays, and even themed menus to mark the event. Eating places typically have choices for reserving non-public rooms, guaranteeing a devoted area for the celebration and offering a extra unique ambiance.
Some eating places may even prepare for stay music or different leisure so as to add a contact of festivity to the celebration.
Restaurant Comparability Desk
| Restaurant | Romantic Dinners | Household Gatherings | Particular Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| Restaurant A | Wonderful, intimate ambiance, candlelit tables, particular menus. | Spacious, excessive chairs obtainable, kid-friendly choices, accommodating employees. | Personalised toasts, themed menus, non-public room choices. |
| Restaurant B | Romantic, out of doors seating, stay jazz music, in depth wine record. | Giant tables, accommodating employees, separate child’s menu. | Birthday specials, cake displays, customizable menus. |
| Restaurant C | Intimate, candlelit setting, prix fixe menus, particular wine pairings. | Household-friendly environment, separate play space for teenagers, youngsters’s menu. | Anniversary packages, personalised presents, particular dessert choices. |
Location and Accessibility
Dumbo’s appeal lies not simply in its beautiful structure and cobblestone streets, but in addition in its seamless integration of eating experiences with the encompassing points of interest. Navigating the neighborhood turns into a journey in itself, a pleasant exploration that enhances the culinary journey awaiting. The strategic placement of those eating places performs an important function in shaping the general eating expertise.Discovering the proper Italian restaurant in Dumbo is much less a few quest and extra a few pleasant discovery.
The proximity to different points of interest, mixed with the accessibility of the eating places, enhances the general expertise, turning a meal into a whole, memorable outing. Whether or not you are arriving by automobile, public transportation, or on foot, the eating places are designed to satisfy the wants of all guests.
Restaurant Proximity to Points of interest
Dumbo boasts a wealthy tapestry of points of interest, from the enduring Brooklyn Bridge to the charming outlets and galleries. The eating places on this space are strategically positioned to capitalize on this vibrant environment. For instance, eating places close to the Brooklyn Bridge supply beautiful views, whereas these located nearer to the waterfront present alternatives to savor a meal whereas having fun with the harbor.
This fastidiously thought-about placement ensures that diners can simply combine their eating expertise with different points of interest within the neighborhood. It enhances the general enjoyment and provides a layer of experiential richness.
Accessibility Choices, Finest italian eating places in dumbo brooklyn
Eating in Dumbo typically entails a stroll, however that is a part of the expertise. Many eating places are conveniently situated inside a brief strolling distance from one another, or a brisk stroll from public transport hubs. This fosters a way of discovery and provides a layer of pleasure to your meal.
Parking and Transportation
Whereas strolling is commonly the popular mode of transportation in Dumbo, various choices can be found. Parking within the space might be difficult, however there are designated parking garages within the rapid neighborhood, and choices exist close by. Public transportation, together with the subway and bus routes, gives dependable connections to Dumbo, making it simply accessible from numerous elements of Brooklyn and past.
These transportation choices make it straightforward for purchasers to navigate the world.
Restaurant Accessibility for All
For the good thing about all diners, many eating places in Dumbo are designed with accessibility options, guaranteeing inclusivity and ease of entry for everybody. This considerate consideration ensures that nobody is ignored of the enjoyment of the neighborhood’s eating scene.